Mouth-to-Mouth Not Necessary for Effective CPR

December 18th, 2007 | by David Reiner, M.D. |

                                      

CPR, also known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is well recognized as being a potentially life saving technique when performed quickly on somebody who has a sudden cardiac arrest(stopping of the heart).  A simpler version of CPR where one administers only chest compressions without mouth-to-mouth resuscitation may be just as effective as standard CPR with mouth-to-mouth respiration given.

Two studies published this month in Circulation: the Journal of the American Heart Association, compared both of these methods for individuals who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.  The first study out of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm reported on 11,275 patients.  73% received standard CPR, 10% received chest compression only CPR, and 17% received only mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.  20% of patients receiving compression only CPR survived versus 19.6% of patients receiving standard CPR survived until hospital arrival.  Both of these methods were superior to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation only.  After 1 month the survival of these 2 groups remained similar as well.

The second study from the Kyoto University Health Service in Japan found similar results when they analyzed 4900 witnessed cardiac arrests.  Additionally, they found that 1 year survival with favorable neurological outcome(adequate brain function) was superior with either of these forms of CPR when compared to no CPR given. 

Both of these studies comment on the low rate of bystander CPR being performed, and mention such factors as fear of contracting contagious illnesses, or the inability to perform a complicated task in the setting of extreme emotional anxiety.  Since chest compression only CPR is much simpler to perform, if adopted as the standard it could potentially contribute to a substantially higher percentage of bystanders performing it, and hence saving many lives.

Reference: Reuters Health 2007-12-13.

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